Which is not found in the history books taught in Muslim schools

Which is not found in the history books taught in Muslim schools

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From about a century and a half, specifically in 1845, one of the largest famines in modern history began ... the famine of Ireland ..

Ireland relied on potatoes as a single source of feed and when it suffered a mysterious, timely pest, it eliminated production in Ireland, where potatoes are no substitute for food.

Tens of thousands of Irish people died within a few weeks of the start of famine.

The famine lasted 7 years. By the end of the year, the Irish population was reduced from 8 million to 6.5 million

Sultan Abdulhamid intervened and Queen Victoria, then Queen of Britain, offered £ 10,000 or food aid to save the victims, but she rejected the offer altogether

In early 1847, the Sultan decided to act alone on his Islamic motives for relief. In May 1847, he secretly sent ships laden with both grain and crops, docked at the Irish port of Droidhed, unloading cargo and saving tens of thousands of lives.

The memory of generations in Ireland has preserved the Islamic beauty generation after generation. Every father tells his son that a Muslim captain came to order and saved the population from starvation.

So that the current football club in the city of Drewheda Irish logo remained a crescent and a star .. took the flag of the Ottoman Caliphate Crescent and star to this day a symbol on sports clothes and the official stadium,

The story of the use of animals in wars

The story of the use of animals in wars

War, not as we think periods depend on the fighting and competition face to face between two or more, but each war means and strategies imposed by the belligerents, and there are no wars without material losses, even if not wasted one drop of blood, or those ridiculed by historians much for reasons They do for example, such as ice cream war, Jenkins ear and others.

Weapons are not the only means of warfare between two parties, but there are other means that may be less or more horrific than the use of gunshots, such as animals, which are no longer used only for traveling or carrying supplies, or even for housekeeping and education. And used by some humans in the face of their enemies during periods of war.

Tangier and the English:

In the period of the First World War in 1914, the English forces attacked the German city of Tangier, where the English at that time had all the elements of self-defense and could defeat the Germans in the attack on the German-controlled city; The German army has doubled, ensuring a slight victory, especially as they have naval guns and weapons of super destructive, but did not want to write the defeat of the Germans who defeated the English troops thanks to the help, bees!

The idea was that the local inhabitants of Tangier planted a nests for the bees in the battleground against British Indian soldiers. Once the drums of war were pounded, the bees became very excited.

The soldiers were assembled inside the battlefield, and of course the sting was more pronounced in the more numerous team, the British Indian Army. The Germans, in this battle, ostensibly won the bumblebees that hit their enemy. In fact, those who won the battle were the locals who The two sides defeated the bee bites they put.

Military Dolphins in the Gulf War:

Due to its high intelligence and dolphins' sense of epic positioning, a navy-like queen, the US Navy during the First and Second Gulf Wars trained about 70 dolphins to identify objects beneath the surface of water to be detected before they hit The US military is bad, like mines and explosives planted under water.

In addition, US forces have provided a fleet of more than US $ 14 million annually to better train military dolphins.

Vietnam hot water bucket:

There were several methods of torture, which emerged in the Middle Ages and developed throughout history, including the hot water bucket, where the prisoner was installed on his back to the ground and placed on his stomach a box full of mice, and the top of this box is placed hot water, The mice begin to eat their stomach and their organs in an attempt to get to a place where they are moving away from the flame above, and that method was used a lot during the Vietnam War.

SHUTTLE CARRYING NEW ESCAPE SYSTEM

SHUTTLE CARRYING NEW ESCAPE SYSTEM

LAURA TOLLEY, Associated Press

Sep. 28, 1988 2:14 AM ET

SPACE CENTER, HOUSTON SPACE CENTER, Houston (AP) _ The bulky orange pressure suits are far less comfortable than the coveralls shuttle crews once wore - and they take forever to put on. But they could be lifesavers for Discovery's astronauts.

The 75-pound suits, never before worn into space, are to be worn only during takeoff and landing and come packed with parachutes, lifeboats and radios. They are part of a new escape system, including a telescoping pole and an escape hatch, that was devised in the aftermath of Challenger, although it would not have helped in the disaster that killed seven astronauts.

''It's not a very comfortable thing to walk around in, but it's got a lot of capabilities,'' said Roly Rice, project engineer for the escape system at NASA's Johnson Space Center.

It's so uncomfortable, in fact, that NASA has cut the ''launch window'' - the span in which liftoff could occur - from three to 2 1/2 hours to reduce the time the five crew members must spend on their backs inside the orbiter while dressed in the garments.

The astronauts also will have to wake up about 30 minutes earlier than previously on launch day because it takes extra time to put the suits on.

During the first four shuttle flights, astronauts wore less-sophisticated pressure suits that were to be used in combination with ejection seats in case of a launch emergency. But after the shuttle was deemed ''operational,'' the seats were removed and the suits replaced with simple coveralls.

The Rogers Commission, which investigated the 1986 Challenger explosion, urged the space agency to return to some type of escape system. NASA, after considering several possibilities, picked the escape hatch and pole.

The most likely use for the escape system would be if the main engines failed during launch and prevented the shuttle from reaching orbit. If the crew were unable to return to the Kennedy Space Center runway or make an emergency landing overseas, it would until now have been faced with ditching the shuttle in the ocean - a prospect NASA officials consider unsurvivable.

The new system provides another option, letting the astronauts bail out before the shuttle hits the ocean.

In such a scenario, commander Richard H. Hauck would ditch the external fuel tank and try to steer into a controlled, gliding and subsonic flight.

At 30,000 feet, astronaut George Nelson would blow an explosive hatch that would deploy the new curved telescoping pole. The cabin would have been vented at 40,000 feet so the pressure inside would be equal to the outside to avoid an explosive decompression when the hatch is blown.

The pole would jut out from the side of the orbiter and each astronaut would attach a ring to it and bail out, beginning at about 25,000 feet.

''They basically just dive out head first down the pole,'' Rice said.

He said the crew should be able to bail out in about two minutes.

Parachutes attached to their suits would be triggered automatically, although they could also be opened manually. The suits have water wings and a lifeboat stored in the prachute pack would open before the astronaut lands in the ocean.

Each suit includes a radio, a flare kit and motion sickness pills, Rice said.

''They'll (the astronauts) be about a mile apart each in the ocean depending on when they exit the shuttle,'' Rice said.

To help in case the astronauts do have to leap into the Atlantic, 18 Air Force parachute rescuers were dispatched last week from Florida to Gambia and Morocco on Africa's northwest coast.

''We'll be there to catch them if they fall,'' said Tech. Sgt. John Smith before leaving for Benguerir, Morocco, where he heads the group of jumpers deployed there.

Each of the two nine-member jumper groups is assigned to a C-130 Hercules cargo plane that would home in on signals from emergency transmitters the astronauts carry with them, explained the squadron's commander, Col. Edward Behling.

The jumpers, along motorized rubber boats and medical supplies, would parachute from 3,000 feet into the water near where the astronauts were located. They would pick up the astronauts and wait until they could be rescued by a ship or helicopter.

NASA officials first wanted the suits to be blue, but decided to make them orange after realizing they would be more visible in the ocean.

The escape system could be used on liftoff only after the solid rocket boosters finish firing and peel off from the orbiter two minutes into flight. The Challenger explosion occurred 73 seconds after takeoff, when the device would have been no help.

The system also could be used on landing, if the astronauts find they are coming down short of the runway at Edwards Air Force Base, Calif., and need to bail out.

What Is Negative Feedback Loop of Blood Pressure?

What Is Negative Feedback Loop of Blood Pressure?

In order to understand the blood pressure feedback loop, it is important to first understand what blood pressure is and what it does. Your blood pressure is how hard your heart has to pump to push the blood through your blood vessels and through your body. Any mammal that has blood in the body has a blood pressure.

Blood pressure is maintained in normal ranges through a process called homeostasis, which sends out chemicals andsignals to either relax or tighten the blood vessels to make blood pressure go up or down when needed. This happens through a blood pressure feedback loop that tells the body how to maintain your blood pressure where it needs to be. If the feedback loop was to malfunction and the blood pressure doesn’t normalize, there is a higher risk for conditions such asstroke, heart attack, or even failure of the kidneys. This article explains how the feedback loop works to maintain blood pressure.

About Homeostasis

The blood pressure feedback loop helps the body maintain homeostasis. Homeostasis means all is working in harmony in the body and functioning normally. It means the body temperature is where it needs to be, the heart is beating at the right rhythm, hormones are right, and the blood pressure is in normal range.

Homeostasis is disrupted when one of the key parts of the system isn’t working right or something is off. The body then goes through a series of changes to try and bring things back into balance. For example, when you get cold, you shiver to bring up your temperature. All of these responses to change the body start in the brain and gets sent out via chemicals or electrical messengers.

The negative feedback loop helps to balance homeostasis by recognizing there is a problem in the body and sending out the right response. The loop stays where it is at and sends out different “effectors” to do the work. Let’s take a look at how the feedback loop works.

What Is a Negative Feedback Loop?

Figure 1: Negative Feedback Loop

The negative feedback loop requires a few things to work to maintain homeostasis. First is a sensor, next is the integrating center, and then the effector (Figure 1). They work together like this:

·         Sensor

They sense changes in your body and send a message to the integrating center.

·         Integrating Center

It receives messages from the sensors and decides which effector needs a signal to go out and fix the issue in the body.

·         Effectors

They are either electrical impulses or chemicals that can stabilize the body and maintain homeostasis.

Negative feedback loops in the body are very stable and in themselves maintain constant conditions. This means that they are the starting point for all the other body systems. If your blood sugar goes too low, the negative feedback loop signals the liver to release glucagon and signals the pancreas to slow the production of insulin. If your blood sugar goes too high, a signal is sent to the pancreas to release more insulin to lower the blood sugar levels. This helps more glucose get absorbed into the cells and brings the blood sugar levels down.

How Does Negative Feedback Loop Regulate Blood Pressure?

Figure 2: Blood Pressure Feedback Loop

The blood pressure feedback loop has a few more components than depicted above. In Figure 2, you can see the variables in the feedback loop for blood pressure. These include:

·         Stimulus  

When you do something that changes blood pressure, such asstanding up, lying down, doing exercise, or rest, these stimulates are either a raise in blood pressure or a decrease.

·         Receptor 

When your blood pressure goes up or down, the receptor cells in the walls of your blood vessels can detect the changes. They send off a message to the integrating center in your brain.

·         Integrating Center

Otherwise known as “mission control”, it gets the message from the receptors and decides what to do, either lower or raise the blood pressure. The center then sends out a messenger to the right effectors, namely your heart or your blood vessels.

·         Effectors

These are the actual places in the body that directly control different functions. The integrating center will tell the heart to beat harder and faster or slow it down. Effectors in the blood pressure feedback loop are also the blood vessels. The messages to them will be to either constrict to raise the blood pressure or relax to lower the blood pressure.

Sometimes your body will get used to certain conditions and the body won’t react to changes as much. For example, if you are an athlete and your body is used to physical activity, your blood pressure may not raise much at all. You may also be able to exercise under harsher conditions and not be affected as much. This is the case in which athletes exercise in high altitudes with less oxygen. The feedback loop may not need to kick in due to good physical condition of the body. However, if the muscles do require increased oxygen levels, the feedback loop will send a message to increase the blood pressure as needed to get more blood and oxygen into the muscle. This is one example of how sophisticated this system really is.

Skinny Legs Big Ppper Body

Skinny Legs Big Ppper Body

Next time you make it to the gym, sit in a corner and observe how many people are working out on the cardio machines or training to strengthen their upper bodies. Many, I tell you, but now count the number of people interested in developing their lower body. Well, you can literally count them, because they aren’t many. Hammering upper body only is what gives you skinny legs but big upper body.

Skinny Legs, Big Upper Body, Why?

Working on half of your body and leaving the rest of it don’t make you fit in any way. Ripped six-pack or an 18 inch biceps doesn’t make a difference if you don’t stress on the lower part of your body. Gluteal muscles, thighs and calves make up half of your body and almost all of your locomotory system. Don’t you get straight away attracted to a muscular set of legs? They look good, in fact great! Well, let's throw light on some of the reasons why guys ignore the lower part of body when working out:

·        Maybe because it’s tough? The upper part of the body is easier to work out but it takes a lot of effort to work out the lower body.

·        Cramps! Ouch! The soreness is yet another reason why guys avoid working out lower parts. Who wants to go to work like that?

·        Lack of motivation could be a factor, since it’s women’s legs we’re always emphasizing on.

·        Typical superhero always has skinny legs, big upper body picture. This probably convinced guys to overlook the leg part.

Pictures of People with Skinny Leg But Big Upper Body

When working out in a gym, guys should focus on the big picture. You cannot just zero in on a particular part of body and neglect the rest of it. Ever heard of the chicken leg phenomenon? Yeah, that is how you look when you just care about the upper part! A picture or two would very well convey what we’re trying to explain here.

How to Get Bigger Legs to Match Your Upper Body

Now that you understand how important it is to work on the entire body, let's fix the problem and bring balance back to both parts of body. Here are eight different ways you can try to get bigger legs or better yet, legs that match your body!

1. Warm Up

If you start exercising straightaway without warming up, then you will probably injure yourself rather than promoting muscle growth of your lower body. Please make it a point to warm up by either 5-10 minutes of light cycling or running with a proper session of muscle stretching following it. Again, you need to focus on your quads, hamstrings, calf muscles and groins during warmups.

2. Forget Cardio

Yes! You read that right. Don’t bother yourself with cardio now, since it makes your muscles stronger but not bigger. And we want the latter for now. So avoid cycling, swimming, running, biking and power walking.

Focus your energy and efforts on lower part now. Cardio is for people who need a whole-body workout. Cardio doesn’t strain enough on legs, instead consumes a lot of energy. Get back to cardio, when you’ve achieved the desired leg size.

3. Do Leg-Targeted Exercises

Since the problem now is skinny legs, big upper body, you should make legs the focus of your workout. So, let's sculpt the hamstrings and quad muscles by making use of those leg extension and leg curl machines.

Keep the weight on medium resistance and make sure you adjust the machine according to height so that your knee joints are in line with machine axis. But, also make sure you lift as much weight as possible so that you feel the burn during such high-intensity workouts. Although we’ve stressed on isolation exercises, whole-body training shouldn’t be ignored as well. You can try sprinting, squat, step ups and lunges and plyometrics to get a proportionate body.

4. Train Two Legs Uniformly

You obviously don’t want one leg looking better than the other one, do you? So, go for unilateral exercises, focusing on one leg at a time so that both of them get equal share of torture. If you don’t exercise like this, your dominant leg would work out a bit more resulting in an evident imbalance of muscle growth and size between two legs.

5. Fuel Up Your Body

Working out requires a lot of energy, especially when we’re talking about legs. So make sure you keep your energy levels high and calorie intake good enough to exercise hard. Muscles are all protein, so having a good protein intake during such workouts totally makes sense. For growing muscles, eat meat, whole grains, beans, eggs, tofu, fruits and vegetables.

6. Stretch Stabilizer Muscles

Seeing the bigger picture doesn’t obviously mean to ignore smaller muscles. Stabilizer muscles are small muscles in the gluteal region that prevent injury and as the name suggests, stabilize pelvis and other joints. You can’t rely on your body during workout if these muscles aren’t functioning properly. Make sure you train your adductors (inner thigh) and abductors (lateral/outer thigh) especially before squatting.

7. Wear Appropriate Clothing

For those who have just realized the presence of skinny legs, big upper body problem in their life, this one is a quick fix. Wear appropriate clothing. Go for baggy pants to add a little bulk, choose boot-cut pants, or wear boots beneath pants. Avoid baggy shorts and skinny jeans at 

Man who thinks the earth is flat won't launch himself in a rocket he built in His own backyard

Man who thinks the earth is flat won't launch himself in a rocket he built in His own backyard

 appears we will need to wait a while longer to find out whether

 more than two millennia of thinkers and explorers — from Aristotle and Ferdinand Magellan, to Neil deGrasse Tyson and John Glenn — have been wrong about the shape of the Earth.

"Mad" Mike Hughes, limousine driver and self-proclaimed flat-Earther, announced that he had to delay his plan to launch himself 1,800 feet high in a rocket of his own making. The launch, which he has billed as a crucial first step toward ultimately photographing our disc-world from space, had been scheduled for Saturday — before the Bureau of Land Management got wind of the plan and barred him from using public land in Amboy, Calif.

Also, the rocket launcher he had built out of a used motor home "broke down in the driveway" on Wednesday, according to Hughes. He said in a YouTube announcement that they'd eventually gotten the launcher fixed — but the small matter of federal permission proved a more serious stumbling block (for now).

The BLM "informed me that they were not going to allow me to do the event there — at least at that location," Hughes said.

Hughes asserted that the BLM last year had tacitly left the matter of permissions to the Federal Aviation Administration, and "of course, they can't honestly approve it," he added. The FAA "just said, 'Well, we know that you're going to do it there.'"

"Someone from our local office reached out to him after seeing some of these news articles [about the launch], because that was news to them," a spokeswoman for the agency told The Washington Post, adding that Hughes had not applied to the local BLM field office for the necessary permit.

"So, it turned out to be not a good thing," Hughes said.

 CREATIVE COMMONS

Still, Hughes has not relented in his quest to launch himself roughly 500 mph on a mile-long flight across the sky above the Mojave Desert. He said he has found private property near his original launch site, where he anticipates finally taking off as early as this coming week.

For Hughes, this launch would not be his first in a homemade rocket. In 2014, the 61-year-old sent himself flying a quarter-mile across the Arizona desert before pulling out several parachutes of questionable quality on his fall to Earth. He was "in a walker for a couple weeks" after that launch, he told a flat-Earth community Web show.

He also hopes it will not be his last such attempt. Since converting to the flat-Earth belief after "research[ing] it for several months in between doing everything else," Hughes has seen a marked uptick in fundraising contributionsto his rocket projects. And he has big plans, hoping eventually to launch himself into space, where he believes he can overturn a scientific understanding that predates NASA by at least 2,300 years.

.

MAYA SUGARMAN/KPCC

"I don't believe in science," Hughes told the AP earlier this month. "I know about aerodynamics and fluid dynamics and how things move through the air, about the certain size of rocket nozzles, and thrust. But that's not science, that's just a formula. There's no difference between science and science fiction."

For now, his mission will have to wait.

"It's been very disappointing and, I guess, enlightening — this whole week. It really has been," he said. "But it's not easy because it's not supposed to be."

Copyright 2017 NPR. To see more, visit http://www.npr.org/.

Construction Series: Day 2, and 3: Paving!

Construction Series: Day 2, and 3: Paving!

SNAKES

Melania Trump copied Michelle Obama again — but this time, it's a brilliant political move

Melania Trump copied Michelle Obama again — but this time, it's a brilliant political move

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Melania Trump seems to have a new favorite shirt. 

On Thursday, President Donald Trump and first lady Melania Trump spent part of Thanksgiving Day with members of the U.S. Coast Guard in Riviera Beach, Florida. 

Melania's shirt immediately caught our eye — a $75 button down from J. Crew. The first lady had previously worn the shirt when returning from Camp David. 

The first lady has developed a balancing act between her typical high-fashion looks — which usually cost a couple of thousand of dollars — and clothing she wears when she's making public visits to promote certain causes.

While Melania will wear a $3,000 coat to the annual turkey pardoning, she'll change into a button down and baseball cap to spend time with the Coast Guard. It's the same strategy that leads the first lady to wear stilettos while leaving the White house, but change into her baseball cap and sneakers on the plane. 

Michelle Obama became famous for her appreciation of Target and J. Crew fashion during her time as first lady. Obama used fashion to appear as an accessible yet aspirational "mom-in-chief" — a look that Melania Trump seems to be adopting herself.

First Lady Trump was famously criticized for giving a Republican National Committee speech that was eerily similar to one that Michelle Obama gave in 2008. 

That isn't to say that Trump is necessarily trying to exactly replicate Obama's style. Obama was primarily known for her more accessible fashion choices, with dresses priced at more than $1,000 as the exception — not the rule.

However, Melania Trump is learning that, when it comes to certain public appearances, going for a more accessible look can pay off. And, that might require repeating a few J. Crew button downs

Woman raises money for homeless man who helped her

Woman raises money for homeless man who helped her

. When McClure ran out of gas, Bobbitt, who is homeless, gave his last $20 to buy gas for her. McClure started a Gofundme.com campaign for Bobbitt that has raised more than $13,000. (Elizabeth Robertson/The Philadelphia Inquirer via AP)

PHILADELPHIA (AP) — A New Jersey woman who was helped by a homeless man when she ran out of gas in Philadelphia is raising money to help him.

Kate McClure was heading to Philadelphia to visit a friend last month when she ran out of gas on Interstate 95. The Florence Township woman pulled over and began to worry until a homeless man approached her.

The man, whose name was "Johnny," told her it wasn't safe and he bought McClure gas with his last $20.

McClure promised she would return to pay him. McClure and her boyfriend, Mark D'Amico, have since raised over $20,000 for the former ammunition technician.

The pair hope to get "Johnny" an apartment and help with transportation.